Manning Enterprises A Spanish Company Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1555 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Firm Manning Enterprises has several options how to avoids currency risk and to use financial derivative instruments in this subchapter it broken down in detail the example that belongs to the easiest and financial derivatives are currency forwards and currency futures. Currency derivatives where just one currency futures and currency forwards imagine subgroup, where the underlying asset of this type is the exchange rate. Alternatively it can be said that there is a defines category of financial derivatives exchange risk. Under this group also include currency swap and currency options. In the following subsections the different types of currency derivatives will be described in detail. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Manning Enterprises A Spanish Company Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Currency Futures Is fixed term contract traded on the exchange. Each exchange has for futures trading their own terms and conditions. This is actually standardized forward which binds both parties to meet the terms of this contract arising from a certain date in the future. Currency futures can be defined as ,, futures exchange a fixed amount of cash in one currency for a fixed amount of cash in another currency.,, among items listed in currency futures contract include the following: Definition of underlying assets for exchange foreign currency futures Types of futures Commercial quantity of foreign currency per one lot Term of settlement and the month in which the settlement will take place Price calculation futures Minimum and maximum allowable amount of price movement ( tick size, tick value -the absolute value of the contract) The time of the contract can be traded Futures can be divided into interest rate, equity, commodity, currency, credit, interest rate futures and futures on debt securities. Entities currency futures Currency futures upon between entities through the exchange including the following: First buyer long position. Entry through the position through the purchase contract the buyer has an obligation to live up to a predetermined date in the future obligation created by the futures exchange (e.g. buyer buys one futures contract the purchase price of the futures at one USD 0.7639 USD/EUR and is obliged to buy at maturity 400,000 USD for the agreed exchange rate). Second seller short position. Entry into the position by selling the contract, the seller is obliged to meet a predetermined date in the future obligation created by the futures exchange (e.g. selling on the stock market sell one futures contract to buy futures at a price of USD 0.7639 USD/EUR and is obliged to sell at maturity 400,000 USD for the fixed rate) Currency Forward Forward fixed term contract is not standardized as futures and traded on the over the counter OTC. Forward is used to exchange a fixed amount of cash in one currency for a fixed amount of cash in another currency at a certain date in the future. The agreed exchange rate is referred to as the forward exchange rate. Forwards do standardized period therefore they must be differentiation from spot transactions. due to technical problems with the spot transactions can sometimes settle in identical day in what was to negotiate transactions on the spot market. Forwards have time settlement known in advance and this time is longer than on the spot market. Entities currency forward Forward exchange contracts entered into between two entities one takes a short position sale contract and counterparty position for a long time purchase contract. Financial institutions are selling on the contrary, the buyers are importers or exporters. It is essential that both parties agree on the parameters of the forward between them. The resulting form is tailored to specific needs (even though there are some habits that when dealing with compliance forwards). So forward becomes very unattractive to other investors causing the forwards are not as liquid as futures contracts. Also forward cancellation must be preceded by the mutual agreement of both parties. Both sides are due to the fact that forwards are not traded on the stock market at risk counterparty that satisfies the conditions arising from the contract credit risk. This risk increases if the spot price at maturity contract prices significantly deviated from the forward. While this means for one of the participating significant profit but for the other significant loss. Currency futures, spot and forward market Chart 1. Interest rates futures 27/04/2011 ÂÂ   open sold change high low Est. vol open int $ Euro June 1.4629 1.4721 0.0107 1.4763 1.4614 291.326 245.342 $ Euro September 1.4598 1.4677 0.0105 1.4716 1.4571 720 3.197 Chart 2. Dollar spot forward against the dollar 27/04/2011 ÂÂ   Closing Mid point Change on day bid/offer spread days mid High/ Low one month rate/ % PA Three month Rate / % PA One year Rate /%PA J.P. Morgan Index ÂÂ   Euro 1.4642 0.0016 640-644 1.4713/1.4630 1.4629/1.1 1.4605/1.0 1.4461/1.3 132.2 Chart 3. Euro spot forward against the euro 27/04/2011 ÂÂ   Closing Mid point change on day bid/offer spread days mid High/ low one month Rate/ % PA Three month Rate / % PA One Year Rate / % PA ÂÂ   USD 1.4642 0.0016 640-644 1.4713/1.4630 1.4629/1.1 1.4605/1.0 1.4461/1.3 Explanatory*: Bid the price at which someone is willing to buy Offer the price at which someone is willing to sell Forward rate is the price at which currency can be bought and sold today for delivery at some date in the future Closing point the mid point between the bid and the offer Bid offer spread shows the last three decimal points of the bid rate and offer rate One month rate the price at which the currency can be bought and sold today for delivery in one month Three month rate the price at which the currency can be bought and sold today for delivery in three months 12 month rate the price at which the currency can be bought and sold today for delivery in one year *All information from part of explanatory been used by International Finance seminar one by Karen McGrath Critically appraise the use of forward contracts and currency futures to hedge exchange rate risk. Exchange rate risk The essence of the exchange rate risk involves changing exchange rates. When changes in exchange rates arising in each accounting entity that values its obligation or its assets in foreign currency exchange differences. Exchange differences are reflected in profit entity and therefore affect the costs of revenues. Disadvantages of currency futures and forward contract : Standardization of contracts Although standardization ensures relatively good liquidity on the other hand investors buy a well defined product which does not always match their requirements. Whether it is the maturity date or the size of the contract the parties must decide whether it would not be more advantageous contract tailored to all their needs. Absence futures for all currency pairs On closer acquaintance with any derivative exchange we find that there currency futures in large numbers only on the most important currencies of the world e.g. USD, EUR, JPY. The currencies of countries with a problematic economic situation, poor monetary policy and low involvement in the international trade currency futures will look very bad. This is due to low liquidity because other market players do not use those currencies in such a large scale as the currency stronger economies. Margin With margins during the period of futures trading each day may be requirement to replenish the margin account. This is for an entity whose futures rate does not develop the expected direction means that it is forced to provide additional recourses and can be a threat to its economic stability. Otherwise ( when the body can drain available funds on margin account) entity at risk when interest rates dropped since the futures contract was negotiated. Theory of the exchange rate Means of expressing the value of their national currency in terms of other national currencies. The exchange rate is divided into nominal and real ( expresses the real purchasing power of the currency). The real exchange rate is the value depended nominal exchange rate and price level as for example rate of growth in average economic. Completion unique prices says that the nominal exchange rate of the sets based on the ratio of prices of individual goods. Absolute version of the PPP theory Sets the nominal exchange rate as the ratio of price levels in observed economies Relative version of the PPP theory Works with the change of the nominal exchange rate in relation to changes in the price levels Obstacles to the functioning theory PPP Transaction costs International capital flows Fiscal policy Monetary policy The presence of tradable goods Barriers to international trade Determination of the exchange rate according to the theory of interest rate parity. Interest parity will occur when deposits denominated in any currency when converted to have a single menu same expected rate of return. Expected rate of return is : Domestic interest rates Foreign interest rates Expected changes in the nominal exchange rate Covered versus uncovered interest parity Domestic investor when considering investment abroad makes expectations about future exchange rate, for which the investment return transferred back to the domestic currency if which the investment return transferred back to the domestic currency. If uncovered interest parity then the investor expects future course only If the covered interest rate parity, then the investor has a pre agreed future course https://markets.ft.com/ft/markets/researchArchive.asp?report=CFUT https://markets.ft.com/ft/markets/researchArchive.asp?report=PSPHYPERLINK https://markets.ft.com/ft/markets/researchArchive.asp?report=PSPcat=CUHYPERLINK https://markets.ft.com/ft/markets/researchArchive.asp?report=PSPcat=CUcat=CU

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Essay example

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Alienation and loneliness are two of the frequently explored themes in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. Yet they can also cause other effects which are just as harmful, if not more so. In Death of a Salesman, two of these other results are dehumanization and a loss of individual freedom. This is a very complex web of emotions, but as Miller said, â€Å"Death of a Salesman is not, of course, in the realistic tradition, having broken out into quite a new synthesis of psychological and social dimensions† (Eight vii). It did indeed â€Å"break out† in the modernist direction. It is a wonderful example of the way modernist writers expressed their beliefs. They believed that the industrialization†¦show more content†¦Willy was not strong enough to do what he wanted to, or even to admit to himself what that might be. Yet neither was he cutthroat enough to be able to plunge into the business world of people like his brother Ben and push all thoughts o f family and keeping people happy aside. Willy gets caught in the middle of a personal dilemma, and his feelings of self-worth because he is a human being and his own individual freedom are the cost. Riding the fence and trying to keep everyone satisfied still did not save him from becoming a victim of his society. Most modernist writers would say that no one can escape being a victim of society in one way or another. The question instead becomes what does one do with this knowledge that life is hopeless? Miller is no exception to this belief. He tries to present his audience with the figure of a man who did not heed what was going on around him and happening to him. Perhaps Miller hopes that in painting this picture he will somehow make people realize that they need to be aware of what the effects of living in a modern society can be. This still seems to be the case. In a recent interview, he was asked to share his feelings about the audience: Of Broadway theatergoers forty, forty-five years ago he said, ‘When I started out, they were liberal about their feelings. They cared a hell of a lot about what was happening to the world, to the country, to the city. It wasn’tShow MoreRelated Death of a Modernist Salesman Essay3513 Words   |  15 PagesDeath of a Modernist Salesman      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The modernist movement in writing was characterized by a lack of faith in the traditional ways of explaining life and its meaning.   Religion, nationalism, and family were no longer seen as being infallible.   For the modernist writers, a sense of security could no longer be found.   They could not find any meaning or order in the old ways.   Despair was a common reaction for them.   The dilemma they ran into was what to do with this knowledge.   Poet Robert FrostRead More Existentialism in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist1401 Words   |  6 Pagesinto his novels and short stories that they became a trademark of his writing. Two of his stories are good examples of this philosophy: The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist.    In The Metamorphosis, Gregor, the protagonist, works as a salesman. He doesnt like his job but works very hard, making his job his life. When he wakes up one morning having turned into a dung beetle (or perhaps a cockroach?) during the night, he thinks only about how he is going to get to work, not how it happenedRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1614 Words   |  7 Pagesform, or appearance, or as a change in form from one stage to the next in an organism’s life. In Franz Kafka’s novella, â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, change is a major theme. The theme of change is significant as the main character, Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman, undergoes a metamorphosis of his own as he experiences changes living as a giant insect. However, Gregor’s journey through his new life is not subjective, as his transformation provokes significant changes in his family’s dynamics. In fact, Gregor’sRead MoreLife is Fractured by Class Struggle in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosi1263 Words   |  6 PagesGregor’s boss represents the bourgeoisie, which by Marxist definition means the social class that controls the means of production, the property values, and the preservation of capital in order to protect their economic status. Gregor is a travelling salesman and describes the lack of fulfillment from his job: â€Å"The upset of doing business is much worse than the actual business in the home office, and, besides, I’ve got the torture of travelling, worrying about changing trains, eating miserable food atRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Is About A Traveling Salesman Gregor Samsa1056 Words   |  5 PagesTaylor Scott Mr. Flora December 16, 2015 Mid-Term The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis is about a traveling salesman Gregor Samsa who was the money provider to his family, and was metaphorically transformed. When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vernin (Kafka 538).The transformation that happens to Gregor affects everyone else he is connected with in one way or another, and brings his family into configurations withRead MoreFranz Kafkas Novella, The Metamorphosis Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing the representations of Gregor, we can gain insight into many of the ideas the writer is trying to convey. Within the first few pages of the novella, we as readers, quickly discover the proletariat in the story. He labors as a traveling salesman, while trying to support his family and pay off his fathers debt due to a failed business venture. While lying in bed, he comments on his life as a traveling sales man â€Å"Day in, day out-- on the road...Ive got the torture of traveling worrying aboutRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gregor and Samsa Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthe parallel to Franz Kafka which is evident through the portrayal of their similar paternal relationships, ties to existentialism, and their inability to exist without the interference of others. The main character, Gregor Samsa is a traveling salesman, who supports his family entirely on his wages from work. He holds a sense of pride because he had the capability to support his family and provide a comfortable lifestyle for them. Gregor is both the protagonist and the victim in this novella. OneRead MoreSocial criticism in The Great Gatsby and Great Expectations2248 Words   |  9 Pagesstory by the unanimity of all present (save Joe) around the dinner table at Christmas. This universal malice against Pip for being a young child who is dependent for the basic necessities of life establishes and carries the novels theme of the dehumanization of children in Britain. In fact Pip is eventually legally bound to Joe as forced labor in his blacksmith shop. The paradigm of Victorian child mistreatment is further established as one realizes that Pips indentures are a favorable alternativeRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 3979 Words   |  16 Pagesto find himsel f transformed into a vermin which completely estranges him from the world even more than he already was. The plot of the novel reveals the effects this transformation has on Gregor’s life and his family, which ultimately lead to his death. One of the major themes portrayed in the book is alienation, which is demonstrated through Gregor’s life and relationship with his family both before and after his transformation. A close examination of the book shows how the story, and the characters

Censor Ship of a High School Newspaper Free Essays

Censoreship of a High School Newspaper Students at Central High School have written an article called â€Å"Underage Drinking Rampant at Central High†. The article is in the High School newspaper called The Tiger’s Eye†. The article is about teenagers from the high school are underage drinking and it is out of control. We will write a custom essay sample on Censor Ship of a High School Newspaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The students want to distribute the news paper to the school. The School’s Administration is against the distribution of this article. The principal and superintendent believe the article should be censored from the school. But the students believe that distributing the article will inform younger teenagers about underage drinking, and will prevent them from drinking. Although the Administration believes that the newspaper should be surpressed, it should still be distributed. The first reason the article should be distributed is because it’s the law. The Constitution contains all the laws of the United States. The First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution guarantees the right of freedom of speech and freedom of the press. According to the First Amendment â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech or of the press†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (134). Freedom of speech means that the students can write and publish whatever they want. In addition, the editor of â€Å"The Tiger’s Eye† pointed out that the principal and super intendent â€Å"want a community in which everyone obeys the law. Everyone but them† (134). In other words, the administration should also obey the law. However, the law does apply in some circumstances. For example, the U. S. Supreme Court decided that High School Administrations have the right to censor or forbid topics that can be sensitive to students. The Administrators believe that underage drinking is a sensitive topic and that they should forbid the distribution of the article. But everyone knows about underage drinking, so it is not a sensitive topic. Therefore, the right of freedom of the press should be respected. The second reason the article should be distributed is so the students learn about the what happens when you drink. The consequences that underage drinking can affect you are serious. Almost everyone at the high school kows about drinking. An anonymous person stated â€Å"First you drink a little. Then you dance a little. Then you find a quiet bedroom somewhere or go out ang nto your car. Everybody knows this. †(133). He or she clearly satets the a majority of the high school students knows what happens. Furthermore, Juanita C. says â€Å"Sure I drink. Not a lot. Everyone I know does. †(132). She has friends that drink and she stated that everyone she knows does. However, Trisha M. was one of the many people who said â€Å"I’m not ready to drink yet. Maybe when I get a lot older. †(133). She and the other teens that answered a similar way don’t really know what’s happening with the drinking. Nevertheless, informing people about the serious consequences can save lives. How to cite Censor Ship of a High School Newspaper, Essay examples

Financial and Production Records Making †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial and Production Records Making. Answer: Introduction Accounting software is an important software application that is used to record and process accounting transactions within the organizational units such as receivable accounts, payroll, general ledgers and trial balance. Accounting software can be developed within the organization for use or may be purchased from another organization depending on the features that suit the organization using it. The best accounting software is on-line based that can be accessed and used conveniently from anywhere on any internet enabled device. Accounting software consists of various modules including but not limited to; account receivables where an organization records the monies received, general ledgers where the organization maintains and keeps its financial books, inventory where the company keeps control of its stocks, accounts payable where the company records its bills and pays out its arrears to the parties owed, sales order accounts where the company keeps the orders for supplies to the customers etc. Implementation of accounting software largely depends on the cost of its installation and configuration in the organization. Many midmarket and bigger applications are sold completely through the help of resellers and developers who pass on license fee to the software vendor and then charge the customer the installation, customization and other support services. Accounting to Jones, D. and Jones, M. (2016), software has several benefits to the users such as speeding up the process of information retrieval, faster bank reconciliation, automation in preparation of value added tax and also provides real-time position of the companys financial position. For example NetSuite accounting system. This system is a multi-facet business solution designed to make accounting lighter than before. The organization is, therefore able to capitalize on the production efforts. PricewaterhouseCoopers uses the benefit of its hands-on experience to provide a strong level of local understanding and support , in accordance with the international professional standards of the PricewaterhouseCoopers worldwide organization. However, it has been challenging using QuickBooks accounting system to update the accounts of PWC in the recent past hence the need to adopt NetSuite system for the company. Review of the current situation with regard to the benefits of the new system NetSuite was developed with a greatly customizable dashboard that is easy to use and highly navigable. It is loaded with important accounting tools and functionalities and does bring accounting jargon into the system thereby enabling even the beginners to use efficiently without trouble. NetSuite has several advantages that helps in then growth of the business With NetSuite, users can enjoy the following advantages: The suite software possesses a reputable balance of application breath and product depth, Elastic digital dashboards. The ERP dashboards are a striking masterpiece. Role-based application navigation and security, NetSuite accounting system is believed to provide a distinguishable difference from other ERP systems, several industry specific or vertical market solutions. Create customizable, specialized invoices in a matter of moments, and enable the customers to pay instantly and the companys Partner Relationship Management (PRM) module is well designed, thoroughly integra ted throughout the application and provides good lead distribution, joint forecasting, commission management and partner performance metrics. Therefore PWC is capable of overcoming the challenges of limited forecasting as posted by Quickbook system. Also it is capable of offering ring secured solutions to several specific industries, a thing Quickbook system is not able to handle in its current state. Procurements and expenses allow one to enter details of the money owed to suppliers, and money you are eligible to claim back through the company. Wide selection of financial reports, ranging from basic reports, such as profit and loss or balance sheets, through to more advanced reporting such as audit logs and trial balance reports. Enable access to ones online accounting files wherever you are with great convenience. With the use of NetSuite system, when a client places an order for stock, the system is localized to bill the clients orders within the shortest time possible and allow the customer to clear the bills instantly without delays. This is to the advantage of the organization, since it reduces the amount of time spent dealing with one customer hence many customers can be attended to within minimal time, saving the company on the unnecessary debts arising from deferred payment by customers. When making purchases and expenses, one is able to make entry of details of money owed to those who supply stock to the company in an organized system that calculates discounts received from the purchases hence the able to claim back the entitled money through the company without any stress and delays. Selection of financial report on a wide range is possible from basic reports to advanced reporting on the financial standing of the company. Reports on profit and loss, balance sheet, through to audit logs as well as the trial balance can be easily done and seen in real-time since the system is fed with the raw data and instantly calculates to give refined information for reporting purposes in the organization thereby aiding easy and faster decision making by the directors of the company. Because new system is online based, the users can access it any time anywhere; at the users convenience. It can be accessed through any device that is internet enabled therefore members of staff can work from office or at home without causing any inconvenience to the clients who are seeking to be served at any time of the day. This creates customer confidence, trust, loyalty as well as business joy of being assured of quality service in real-time. This goes a long way to augmenting the market for companys products since the customer will flock for the products due to efficiency in service delivery. Involvement of the right people The information generated by the system is wholesome and is to be used by the entire organization not limited to a single department of the organization. Therefore bringing the right people on board is indispensable in realizing positive outcomes of the new system. People ranging from members of staff to the board of directors need to be involved in their rightful capacities so as to ensure successful implementation of the new program at hand. When every rightful individuals are involved, then success is realized right from the basic stages of the use of the system that is, from data entry, data processing, interpretation through to output as well as expertised maintenance and management of the new system at large. When the right people are involved, then very minimal system break-downs are realized. The accounting software does not operate on its own but it requires people who will use and manage it on a daily basis. Even though the users need to be familiar with the NetSuite accounting system, the software does not need to be complex and plug-in accounting jargon into the system making its use difficult and stressful. NetSuite system is a simple software to use since it has prompts that guides the user from one step to another; it does not allow the user to skip even a single step hence making it user friendly and logical in all its stages of operations. The efficiency of the whole system lies squarely on the role of the system managers. The managers assigned to supervise the use and the operation of the system need to be savvy with the financial accounting reporting. The technical how on financial information is important for those who are responsible for the management of the system? The managers need to acquaint themselves with the accounting standards of the organization as well as the recognized international standards. Reporting knowledge is also handy in making the system run smoothly especially when reporting on the accounting logs and trial balance of the company. The data generated by the new system is also used by the customers. The information produced by the system as summaries and reports are heavily relied upon by the clients who use them from time to time for sound decision making on whether to use or invest on the products of the company. Therefore, the summaries and reports need to be reliable, consistent and detailed to the extent that it can be depended upon by any existing or prospective client who wish to make decision. System Signoffs Before the acquisition of the new system, cost benefit analysis is required to ascertain to what extent the software will be beneficial to the company. This done by accountants to evaluate on the cost and assess its affordability by the company. The management is consulted then scrutinizes the requisition so as to approve the acquisition of the new system for the company. Stakeholder Consultation method Expected outcome System users Public engagement Provision of various ideas System managers Ongoing consultation Support Definition of challenge NetSuite accounting system is frequently used by most companies however, there are challenges that arises during its use, the following are the some of the challenges; loss of connection to the data file due to network connectivity problems, slow connection when multitasked, problems in coping file to another location, non-printing printer and sometime locating data files becomes hectic. Revenue leakage is the greatest headache since the payroll cannot be connected to financial management system. The negative impact on the organization on the use of NetSuite is that it does not keep track of the skills and employees of the company neither does it reflect to the current project they are deployed. Forecasting by management is also negatively affecting the organization due to limited functionality within the NetSuite system. NetSuite system is an online based software, therefore can be easily integrated to bring customers on board and allow them to use the system as well from their end in accessing any information required by them by creating a login feature so that they are able access the portal, download and print summaries. Loss of connection to the data file due to network connectivity problems, slow connection when multitasked, problems in coping file to another location, non-printing printer and sometime locating data files becomes hectic. Revenue leakage is the greatest headache since the payroll cannot be connected to financial management. Secondly, following have not been easy to achieve with the current system in place; forecasting, financial management and integration, revenue recognition and integration whereby payroll is connected to the financial management modules so that cash leakage is avoided. For instance gross profit and loss. Sales and financial ratios can be used to against the budget to make sound business decision in the company. The following data relates to a small trading company. The data can be computed as below to show the performance of the company for better decision making by the management. Profit ratio (GP ratio) of the company. Gross sales: $1,000,000 Sales returns: $90,000 Cost of goods sold: $675,000 Solution: With the help of above information, we can compute the gross profit ratio as follows: = (235,000** / 910,000*) = 0.2582 or 25.82% *Net sales = Gross sales Sales returns = $1,000,000 $10,000 = $910,000 **Gross profit = Net sales Cost of goods sold = $910,000 $675,000 = $235,000 The GP ratio is 25.82%. It means the company may reduce the selling price of its products by 25.82% without incurring any loss. Significance and interpretation: Gross profit is very important for any business. It should be sufficient to cover all expenses and provide for profit. Generally, a higher ratio is considered better. The ratio can be used to test the business condition by comparing it with past years ratio and with the ratio of other companies in the industry. A consistent improvement in gross profit ratio over the past years is the indication of continuous improvement. When the ratio is compared with that of others in the industry, the analyst must see whether they use the same accounting systems and practices. Forecasting and cash flow control Cash is the throbbing heart of any operating business in the world, therefore great care need to be taken to ensure its control. Sales, customer orders and purchases need to be keenly tracked at all levels since they provide vital information regarding future cash inflows and outflows in the business. Information on purchases if tracked, can give a predictable future cash outflows. Sales and customer orders helps to predict cash inflows into the business. Consistency in these factors provides an accurate forecasting of cash flow in the business. Also, monitoring customers credit accounts and establishing a deposit policy for activities in progress can without doubt help in cash flow control. Manufacturing workflow also helps to track cash flow by outlining flow of activities in the business. The companys Partner Relationship Management (PRM) unit is well planned, thoroughly integrated throughout the application and provides good lead distribution, joint forecasting, commission manage ment and partner performance metrics. This specifically ensures cash flow control by PWC. Management of assets in the business may seem too insignificant but very important so as to save the company on frequently replacing assets. To manage the assets, an inventory of assets needs to be taken frequently and the account of receivables also need to be properly maintained. Work in progress inventory, finished good inventory and merchandising inventory need to be maintained separately. The total number of assets bought for sale but not yet sold to the customers, total number of finished products in the warehouse and assets still being worked on. These information need to be recorded and maintained for reference. The organization flexibility is measured on its ability to adapt to changes in in the environment regarding software solutions to the emerging accounting challenges so as to increase service delivery to the customers as well as efficiency in the management of accounting system in the company. Flexible digital dashboards that can be adjusted to meet on demand internet delivery by PWC. Consultants are people with specialized expertise who help in seeing hidden things as far as business success is concerned. They are instrumental in evaluating best accounting software for any business especially NESUITE. For PWC, NetSuite Software would be helpful in evaluating and providing the best accounting software. It is a respectable company that works with both large and small business firms with negotiable pricing of their services. It is efficient and simple to install in any internet enabled device. Flexible digital dashboards that can be adjusted to meet on demand internet delivery. It is also capable of addressing most challenges of the company as highlighted above. It is recommendable that new software be used by only those who have in-depth knowledge of accounting despite its simplicity to use so as to avoid errors resulting from incompetency. Evaluation Performance of the Software NetSuite software is a renowned application that is known for its great efficiency. It is a feature rich software that performs well and user friendly. It is capable of handling all accounting matters including the small sized accounting experiences. It is respected for its ability to support online filings and Construction Industry Scheme. Its scalability is to the extent that it can handle decent sized Small Market Enterprises. It has numerous modules in accounts payables, general ledger, purchase orders, billing, inventory etc. there is a 30 day free trial for users, a two year subscription, with 20% discount. Initially priced at a low $4.95 per month per user, NetSuite has a history of continual significant price increases which results in considerable resentment within the user base. In relative terms, NetSuite is valued well above comparable on-demand competitors like Intact and Alticor however much lower than traditional on-premise software competitors like Microsoft, Sage and Epicor. Offers many languages and does perfect blend data when installed thus no data is lost. The software has not been negatively mentioned anywhere by the users. This can auger well with PWC firm to provide qualified assistance to both private and public institutions. The NetSuite Business Operating System (NS-BOS) offers software customization and scalability capabilities to NetSuite solutions. NS-BOS is a knowledge podium for customizing and extending the business software to meet individual company or industry specific requirements relative to personalization or business processes. NetSuites customization tools enable partners to develop their own products including modified versions of the Netsuite application, therefore, Pwc firm can easily scale the software to meet customers tastes and changes in the accounting environment. In just but a short matter of time, the software can installed and be ready for use. NetSuite was developed in the year 2008 with a greatly customizable dashboard that is easy to use and highly navigable. It is loaded with important accounting tools and functionalities and does bring accounting jargon into the system thereby enabling even the beginners to use efficiently without. It supports all the languages, deployment, models of payments and all customers. It offers phone call, email, training and ticket support thereby ensuring customer satisfaction. Review of the program The software has the following module features; banking, purchases, reports, tax, invoicing and other advanced tools, however it seemingly lacks the following; Drill down Journals Departmental accounting Support for value added taxation Calculation of statutory holdback. NetSuite does not offer high-end solutions that takes too long to install and customize to fit the consumers taste hence to meet benefits that come with high-end solutions like tailored specifications of individual company. Meeting this cost is expensive however many serious companies would resort to have their software tailored according to their specifications. NetSuite application has the ability to offer e-business by closely knitting with other internet software. It supports windows, androids and iPad. Therefore it with great belief the NetSuite accounting system can auger well with any company to realize economies of scale in e-commerce. NetSuite packages allow one to grant access to limitless number of users and one can limit access for each user. You can also grant access to the auditor with an auditor friendly feature setting. Staff can use from office or even at home since it is online based it logged into from anywhere even oversees without any problem thereby enabling globalization or distant trading. It has also provided client portal for easy access by customers. It cover geographical areas of United States of America as well as Latin America meaning that NESUITE Company is already covered by the applications coverage. Their data centers process 800,000 plus transactions per second and the company points that it produces exact audience measurement to over 100 million web destinations. NetSuite vends its product through direct sales and indirect business partner channels. The company has offices and business partners in North America, Latin America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region, luckily, PWC operates int ernationally. Reporting capability NetSuite accounting system has currently the undoubted capability of producing management report by creating an attractive PDF report with a complete overview of the business. Currently it produces reports ranging from cash flows, balance sheet, accounting logs to trial balance with graphs that would most probably be required by any company including NetSuite Company. Alphanumeric can easily be in-put in the software efficiently with clear guiding prompts for the user and be quickly run to give the required output. During data entry, the user must be keen to avoid typing errors however procedural errors cannot be run the system. The software have encryption mode for the processed data to avoid sensitive data getting into the wrong hands. The system has established a safety policy for guarding the clients data. NetSuite is accommodated and conveyed from a Level 3 Communications, Inc. (Nasdaq: LVLT) data center located in the San Francisco Bay area. NetSuite is SAS 70 audited which may provide some comfort to SEC governed enterprises in the United States for their Sarbanes Oxley, section 404 compliance requirements. By this, PWC can assure its clients of data security. NetSuite software is an American cloud computing company that sells groups of software used to manage financial services and client relations. It runs the business of 40,000 plus companies, organizations and subsidiary companies in 100 plus countries. Similar software providers like NetSuite adds worthwhile uses and training. It suppliers are able to update the software frequently so as keep abreast with the technological changes in the accounting environment. They have a strong technical team to support customer, working 24 hours a day, seven days a week with a free toll call center. Other additional support for customers including preview tests of at least 10 processes. System Implementation For successful implementation of the accounting system, organized training of the staff as well as software management team. Holding meeting reviews to enable members of staff to familiar with the system. Customization of the software to align with the companys products and tailor the system to meet the specifications of the company. Carry out evaluation of the system according to the desired procedures and use of embedded methods to assess applicability of the software. Since there are various software solutions, those companies offering high-end solutions are not preferable in this case. Rather buying software service is cheaper compared to buying the software license. Software package size with corresponding monthly payment would be preferable ranging from $ 80 to $ 100 every month. Below is the fee schedule for newly implemented software. Module Cost in $ per month Commissions management 199 Inventory 199 Revenue Recognition 450 In summary, NetSuite management software, if implemented in PWC firm, it will offer a service that performs enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) functions. It has a horizontal package approach for a wide variety of businesses. ERP cloud based is cheaper than the oracle solution, the software can be accessed from any device even from cell phones. It can be used for most company activities like sales, manufacturing control, purchase orders, inventory and invoicing. However it its disadvantage in spite of being cheaper than oracle initiative, it could still be very expensive for small businesses. The starting cost is very high even though it is not expensive for individual user. References Jones, D. and Jones, M., 2016. Using QuickBooks Accounting Software to Improve Financial and Production Records for Better Decision Making. In 2016 Annual Meeting, February 6-9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas (No. 229772). Southern Agricultural Economics Association. NetSuite. [online] www.netsuite.com/portal/aboutus.shtml. Available at: https://www.netsuite.com/portal/aboutus.shtml [accessed 13September, 2017]

Agar Cubes Lab Report Essays

Agar Cubes Lab Report Essays Agar Cubes Lab Report Paper Agar Cubes Lab Report Paper Diffusion in agar cubes Introduction: All cells are dependent on a processes called diffusion, which is the movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Cells need to obtain certain essential substances, like oxygen, for their survival. The rate of diffusion is said to be dependent upon the various factors: Size of molecules that have to diffuse, concentration gradient, the distance across which diffusion occurs, number of pores/openings, surface area and concentration. This rate of diffusion is measured by considering the mime taken for changes to physical changes to occur. This experiment consists of using agar mixed with an indicator that changes color when places in a basic solution. It will measure the amount of diffusion that occurs in the agar blocks to determine the effect of cell size on the cells ability to obtain substances by diffusion. Purpose:Determine how surface area and volume relate to one another and how the rate of diffusion varies with the ratio of surface area to volume. In the experiment, we will use the base/acid indicator Phenolphthalein in three efferent sized agar cubes dipped in a sodium hydroxide solution. This will make it possible to measure the depth to which the color has penetrated and will demonstrate the relationship between diffusion and volume. Materials: -agar -scalpel -spoon -two large beakers -ruler -timer -Potassium manganese (Kimono ) -Hydrogen chloride (HCI) Methods: -Make two trays of Agar Gelatin. One pure and one dyed pink. -Use the scalpel to cut three agar cubes of each tray: a CM cube, a CM cube and a LLC cube (total of six cubes). Pour the Potassium manganese (Kimono ) into one of the beakers and Hydrogen chloride (HCI) in the other. Immerse the CM clear cube in the pink Potassium manganese (Kimono ) and the pink agar cube in the clear Hydrogen chloride (HCI). -Set the timer to 10 minutes. -After the 10 minutes, use the spoon to take the cubes out of the beakers and dry them with a paper towel. -Cut both cubes in half with the scalpel. -With the ruler, measure how deep the pink penetrated the clear cube and how much the pink cube absorbed the acid. -Repeat the pro cedure with the smaller bubs, always leaving them in the beaker for 10 minutes. The pink agar cubed immersed in Hydrogen chloride (HCI) had a faster process of diffusion than the clear agar cube immersed in Potassium manganese (Kimono ). Conclusion: The reason cells are so small is because it facilitates the diffusion. As seen in the experiment, diffusion is more efficient when there is a bigger surface area to volume ratio. This process is essential for every cell to bring nutrients and release wastes and it is only possible due to the fact that cells are very small, making the diffusion a lot faster.

Information Privacy

Information Privacy Information privacy is the privacy of personal information within organizations, and their attempts to define content of information stored on computer systems that third party can also access. Data masking, encryption, and authentication are some of the ways of protecting data from the public so that only authorized personnel can access such information (Rouse, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Privacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations always use this aspect of information technology (IT) to increase confidentiality within the management in order to reduce vulnerability and exposure of their systems to unauthorized segment. Information on finance, medical data, criminal records, and business information are some of the personal data that require continuous privacy. The United States, for instance, has different legislations on data privacy that deal with specific sectors given the different needs that emanate from them. Data usage by unauthorized persons is illegal in most parts of the globe. Therefore, concerned parties must come up with relevant protective measures to address the possibilities of such pieces of information of finding their way on the wrong hands. Patients’ records are essential in managing health facilities by ensuring that they offer quality services to the clients. For instance, a patient’s medical history is essential in determining the types of medication to administer to the patient. Such data remain confidential, and should only be used for treatment purposes only. As a way of preventing information leakage, which may result in stigma to a patient, the management must ensure that pieces of information on all patients are kept securely to maintain confidentiality. The US has the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) that ensures that patients’ data remain accessible only to the authorized segment of the staff. HIPAA uses electronic data interchange to give patients’ information unique identifiers that the unauthorized group cannot interpret. Users are given privileges under strict laws to access all medical records, and, at the same time, have to maintain data integrity and confidentiality on information that may lead to identification of a patient (Rouse, 2013). Websites also have confidentiality policies that guide their service provision. Some organizations have put tracking measures in place to identify those accessing their websites for security purposes. For example, when one accesses such sites, the computer stores cookies automatically. This move prevents hacking of information by third parties as the organizations can trace all their users. This issue of cyber security has been contentious, with opponents arguing that it is against the privacy policy to allow organizations to track their users through cookies. However, proponents hold that even though the move infringes on the privacy of the public, it has impressive impacts on guarding the security of organizations. That is, loss of data by an organization has great impacts on society as compared to tracking individuals.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The US citizens use cyberspace to travel, power their homes, communicate, provide essential government services, and run their economy. The overreliance on the network has posed serious attacks thus causing more information vulnerability. Organizations should work towards limiting data breaches that may arise from information hacking. Using password-protected data is one way of improving the security of online data (Zhan, 2009). Markedly, choice of passwords is key in limiting data loss. In cybercrimes, one does not need to break into a physical property to steal information or use force to access the materials. For example, bank frauds have been on the rise with the coming of this new technology. In addition, cases of information confidentiality is worrying, as other internet savvy people can access such information, a recent example is the Wikileaks. These cases prompted US to pass legislations that could help in eradicating this menace. Since many departments and organizations use this modern technology, fighting the vices is a shared responsibility (Raab Mason, 2002). The private and public sectors are collaborating to create awareness on cyber security among the internet users. With the high rates of cybercrimes, financial institutions, for instance, have to use complex mechanisms to enhance the security of their data, as fraudsters can easily transfer funds through the online platform to their accounts. In this aspect, the browsing history of users is significant in enhancing information security for the benefit of both the users and website owners. Internet security has made most users to maintain anonymity while online. A study by Pew Research Institute revealed that 86% of Americans prefer being anonymous to keep their data private (Gorodyansky, 2013). They protect their IP addresses, encrypt emails, and delete cookies frequently from their computers. Information privacy remains a controversial issue in the US given the recent phone-tapping move by the federal government. The government has also gained access to emails of prominent personalities as a way of enhancing the overall security of the country. Instances of terrorist attacks similar to the 9/11 that led to loss of lives and destruction of properties have been common with the manufacture of nuclear weapons by some Middle East Nations. In security line, the US can breach the information security policy in order to enhance the safety of its citizens and the entire world. References Gorodyansky, D. (2013, October 13). Internet Privacy and Security: A Shared Responsibility. Wired.com. Web.Adv ertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Privacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Raab, C. D., Mason, D. (2002). Privacy, Surveillance, Trust and Regulation. Information, Communication Society, 5(2), 237-241. Rouse, M. (2013, August 5). Data privacy (information privacy). SearchCIO. Web. Zhan, J. (2009). Information Privacy: Security and Integrity. International Journal of Information Privacy, Security and Integrity, 1, 55-83.

What is 'sexting', and what does it mean to the current enforcement of Essay

What is 'sexting', and what does it mean to the current enforcement of child Pornography laws Are minors putting themselves at risk for a lifetime of hell - Essay Example engaging in harmful activities via these modes of communication (Mitchell, & Finkelhor, 2011; Mitchell, Finkelhor, Jones, & Wolak, 2012; Wolak & Finkelhor, 2011). These harmful behaviors are cyberbullying, public posting of sexual images, and soliciting for sex online. Even though the legal definition of the term "sexting" vary across jurisdictions, most state laws focus on images relayed through mobile telephony. However, images are also transmitted through computers, web cameras, and digital cameras among other gadgets (Sacco et al., 2010). Current studies apply broader definitions of sexting, which defines it as the sending and/or receiving of sexually suggestive images or messages by mobile phones, in measuring the prevalence of sexting behaviors among the youth (Mitchell et al., 2012). The youth have extensive access to modern communication technologies, with a reported 25% of them owning mobile phones (Lenhart, 2009). This ease of access enables them to stay in regular contact with parents and friends. Consequent to this ease of access and use, sending and receiving text messages via mobile telephony has become easy and popular, especially among adolescents. A recent study estimates that the youth send and receive approximately 3,000 text messages monthly. In addition, many mobile phones also allow users to send pictures and video. Although there are many positive attributes of mobile telephony such as the ability to instantly connect, communicate, and share, it also has several potential problems, including â€Å"sexting.† The different definitions of sexting have resulted in conflicting findings by researchers on the actual prevalence of sexting among the youth. For example, the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and CosmoGirl.com conducted a study to examine the prevalence of teen and young adult sexting behaviors in 2008. In this study (Sex and Tech) sexting was defined as the relaying of nude or semi-nude photos or videos. The

Do The Right Thing Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Do The Right Thing - Movie Review Example Lee could have named the owners without having mentioned their race as white, but the sole purpose behind doing so was to build the audience’s understanding of the plot as racism oriented. Where Sal and his sons have been presented as owners because they are white, Mookie has been presented as the delivery boy, fundamentally for the reason that he is an African American. This tells that this film particularly differentiates between people and decides their status on the basis of their race. White owners and black delivery boy are the signals that have been used by Lee to construct the racist mood. In the beginning, the movie maintains a low profile with light entertainment and jolly mood. Characters in the start are quite amusing. But as some time passes, the film suddenly gains an upsurge until the tension between individual characters reaches its apogee. The conflict between races and ethnic identities overtly shows up in the form of hatred among characters belonging to diff erent races. The tension in the film’s climax is unbearable. A deep analysis of the film suggests that Lee has, for the most part of the movie, not discussed characters, as much has he done the relationships between them and their interpersonal conflicts.

Whistle-Blowing. Interest in Public Administration, Policy and Ethical Essay

Whistle-Blowing. Interest in Public Administration, Policy and Ethical Analysis - Essay Example Politicians must, as a result, maintain equilibrium between information exposure and the preservation of the incentives of the bureaucrats in order to exert efforts. The tradeoffs can easily be explored with the help of a model of agency decision-making under partial information. It involves an employee's effort which determines a project's type, and a manager which opts whether to approve the project and regulate the employee. With the help of whistle-blowing, an employee unleashes the type to a politician, who may supersede the manager's decision. While whistle-blowing always increments the transmission of information, its influences on employee effort are dependent on the managerial preferences. A key finding states that stronger whistleblower securities reduce effort when the manager is aggressive and may commit more Type I faults than the politician would, however, would increase efforts otherwise. Whistleblower protections, therefore, definitely benefit the politicians if an ag ency is oriented to make Type II errors (Ting, 2006:2). Whistleblowers have chronologically played influential roles in passing critical information from lower gradations of the organizations to higher grade officials. An informal survey of American organizations in recent years delineates that this trend has not subsided. In the year 2002, the Federal Bureau of Investigation staff attorney Coleen Rowley went communal over the bureau's investigation of the suspected 9/11 accomplice Zacarias Moussaoui (Ting, 2006:2). Her account of the way FBI headquarters stifled attempts to examine his activities build assistance for the reorganization of its anti-terrorism attempts. Further, in the year 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) researcher David Graham gave evidence before a Senate committee that the agency had paid no attention to the warnings about the heart disease menaces posed by Vioxx prior to its endorsement (Ting, 2006:2). Such exposures caused crucial destruction to the credibility of the FDA, thereby, generating the demand f or both the stricter drug approval processes and improvised the post-approval monitoring. Such incidents have not been confined to the public sector. In the year 2002, Sherron Watkins of Enron and Cynthia Cooper of WorldCom gained acknowledgement for their roles in unleashing the managerial irregularities in their respective corporations (Ting, 2006:2). Instantaneous with its practice, whistle blowing has enjoyed both the political as well as legal protection. In the United States, the rudimentary securities were first enacted by the Continental Congress, and a centralized entity of the contemporary legal framework dates to 1863, when Congress passed the False Claims Act so as to combat the Civil War profiteers (Ting, 2006:2). The law enabled the citizenry to bring about a suit against an alleged offender on behalf of the government, thereby, sharing in a percentage of the damages awarded. In 1978, the Civil Service Reform Act criminalized the vengeance against the whistle blowers b y creating procedures for altering the terminations of their employment. The Whistle blower Protection Act or WPA of 1989 ensured confidentiality of the whistleblower

Electrodiagnostic Changes in Patient With Multiple Sclerosis

Electrodiagnostic Changes in Patient With Multiple Sclerosis Abstract Although demyelination along the axons is the main manifestation of Multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral nervous system (PNS) could be affected potentially too. In some studies PNS involvement is estimated to be more than 50 percent in MS patients. Accordingly, objective tests to confirm the severity of PNS involvement might be crucial in patients management. Modern technological advances lead to innovation of computerized electrodiagnostic (EDX) techniques in recent years. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) provide reliable data about neuropathies. Although the frequency of PNS involvement varies in different population of MS patients, recognizing clinical and subclinical PNS impairments in MS patients is important for the treatment. Introduction Among the central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease which is the most common form of neurologic impairments in young adults (1). Myelin destruction is the main pathophysiology of MS which is an immune-mediated process and leads to plaque formation in patients` central nervous system (2). MS symptoms evaluation is based on musculoskeletal dysfunction and stiffness. MS disease onset is almost in the third or fourth decade of patient’s life. It is estimated that over 2 million people suffer from MS all around the world and half of the MS global population live in Europe (3). The International Panel on the diagnosis of MS defined the diagnostic criteria of MS in 2000 which was revised in 2010(4, 5). Although demyelination along the axons is the main manifestation of MS, peripheral nervous system (PNS) could be affected potentially in MS. PNS axonal destruction might occur in a considerable percent of MS patients (6). Changes in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) parameters could demonstrate MS by electrodiagnostic assessment of peripheral nerve. About 5% of MS patients develop peripheral nerve impairment and changes in NCV (7). PNS involvement in MS might be associated with malnutrition or drug toxicity, so its diagnosis is important in patient with MS. Pathology studies about MS in recent years have shown that gray matter involvement and brain atrophy might happen in the early stages of the disease in addition to white matter demyelination (8). In Pogorzelski et al. study the rate of nerve impairment in MS patients PNS is estimated to be 74.2% (9). Warabi, et al. demonstrated that 10.3% of MS patients revealed changes in NCV and about half of the patients with PNS disorders might have two involved nerves (10). MS diagnosis has three parts; patients history and information, clinical, and paraclinical examinations. These steps could raise the accuracy of diagnosis and result in narrowing the differential diagnosis (3). In recent decades peripheral and generalized neuropathies have become common; neurological examinations in neuropathies are essential, but not enough and do not have sufficient diagnostic accuracy. Accordingly, objective tests that could confirm the severity of neuropathies might be crucial in patients` management. Modern technological advances lead to innovation of computerized electrodiagnostic (EDX) tools in recent years. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) provide reliable data about neuropathies (10). Motor nerve conduction examinations have been performed on a mixed nerve with motor and sensory axons. In these types of studies stimulations have been conducted on a specific part in each course (11). Depolarization induced with electrical pulse has produced action potentials in axons. Induced evoked potentials in motor axons move into distal and proximal direction from the stimulus point (12). Action potentials would be transferred from neuromuscular junctions in milliseconds all over the muscular fibers. These electrical activities along muscles fibers have been detected as compound muscle action potential (CMAP) (13). Various variables could be measured from CAMP such as latency, amplitude, area under the curve, duration, and motor conduction velocity. By measuring the amplitude and area of CAMP, the frequency of induced action potentials in muscle`s fibers could be estimated and thereby count of axons would be stimulated (14). Discussion There are some suggestive nerve conduction criteria for axonal distraction, like decreased distal evoked CMAP or SNAP; proximal reductions might happen due to demyelination impairments (15). Form different studies it can be concluded that in most of the axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies there is statistical correlation between slow conduction in motor or sensory nerves and amplitude reduction (16). SNAP/CMAP amplitude in some cases could distinct between axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies (12). In Table 1 elctrodiagnostic assessment of PNS in MS patients is shown. Table 1: Elctrodiagnostic assessment of peripheral nervous system in MS patients *Expanded Disability Status Scale In various studies, elctrodiagnostic tests have been established as reliable methods to detect the subclinical peripheral nerve conduction disorders. Significant amplitude F-wave disturbance might be related with hand spasticity in SP.MS (22). Some studies demonstrated the presentation of PNS involvement in MS as sensory abnormalities, whereas others consist on both sensory and motor disorders. It seems that peripheral neuropathy in MS affects motor neurons particularly and peripheral abnormalities might be result from central demyelination (18). On the other hand the role of peripheral demyelination events in MS peripheral signs and symptoms has not been identified completely. Number of factors could explain the changes in nerve stimulation responses in MS patients. Delayed recovery cycle might lead to impairment in supernormality. Gender, age, temperature, and immunomodulatory treatments in MS might have an impact on nerve stimulation responses. Na+/K+ ATPase pump dysfunction result from metabolic changes could lead to axonal membrane depolarization and recovery cycle disturbance. Change in temperature has a great impact on sodium channel kinetics and impress the action potential duration and amplitude (19). In feys, et al. study sensory conduction velocity was normalized after cooling, but motor conduction velocity was remained impaired after 20 minutes (23). Another theory for PNS involvement in MS is antigenic cross-reactivity, which might happen due to peripheral demyelination. It is obvious that gross demyelination in PNS does not occur in MS, and peripheral myelin has structural impairment in most cases and this could lead to create a resistant zone and intermodal leakage. Anti chondroitin sulphatase antibody, anti myelin associated glycoprotein antibody, and anti gangliosides antibody have been described in PNS involvement in MS (21). Electrodiagnostic tests for PNS involvement in MS patients could find evidence of minor PNS or fiber pathology in early stages (22). Although PNS involvement frequency in MS varies in different population, recognizing clinical and subclinical PNS impairments in MS patient is important.

Free College Admissions Essays: My Experience :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions : My experience To whom that cares!!! At this moment when I am sitting down here writing this, I suddenly think of this time last year when I was fresh out of high school, hearing about Berea for the first time. I sent my application to Berea with lots of confidence and hope, and I knew I was not accepted. College to me, as much as to many others, is so important. At the time I heard the news of my being denied, I was disappointed, but soon I realized that my failure was just among the many challenges that anybody has to face during their lifetime. Further more, I happened to know, later on, about the two other Vietnamese who were accepted. Having known that hardly ever more than one student from each country is accepted to Berea, I was so proud to know that the ability of Vietnamese students has been recognized and that, despite of the fact that our country still faces many difficulties, the students have been trying to reach high goals. In Vietnamese proverbs, we have this saying :" A day one goes, a sea of knowledge he earns". By this time, I have realized how true it is. Last year, I was an exchange student in a high school in Mississippi. That was the first time I went overseas. Although, before this trip, I was quite used to living independently because I had to live without my mom for almost 7 years during the time she went to work in Poland. However, my first trip abroad was something totally new and different. A very different country and her people first met me. I gradually got used to everything and felt that those adaptations I had made also came with growth in my maturity. When mentioning about maturity, I am quite sure about what I am talking. Obviously, I still am a long way from being an adult who has gone through enough hardships in life to have the right to judgment on life. However, I believe that the ten months I was away from my homeland, from my family, I now look at my life and future with a very serious and subjective point of view. If I had not been in the U.S, I would never have known of an eventful U.S senior year in high school, and the people, the lifestyle there. Free College Admissions Essays: My Experience :: College Admissions Essays College Admissions : My experience To whom that cares!!! At this moment when I am sitting down here writing this, I suddenly think of this time last year when I was fresh out of high school, hearing about Berea for the first time. I sent my application to Berea with lots of confidence and hope, and I knew I was not accepted. College to me, as much as to many others, is so important. At the time I heard the news of my being denied, I was disappointed, but soon I realized that my failure was just among the many challenges that anybody has to face during their lifetime. Further more, I happened to know, later on, about the two other Vietnamese who were accepted. Having known that hardly ever more than one student from each country is accepted to Berea, I was so proud to know that the ability of Vietnamese students has been recognized and that, despite of the fact that our country still faces many difficulties, the students have been trying to reach high goals. In Vietnamese proverbs, we have this saying :" A day one goes, a sea of knowledge he earns". By this time, I have realized how true it is. Last year, I was an exchange student in a high school in Mississippi. That was the first time I went overseas. Although, before this trip, I was quite used to living independently because I had to live without my mom for almost 7 years during the time she went to work in Poland. However, my first trip abroad was something totally new and different. A very different country and her people first met me. I gradually got used to everything and felt that those adaptations I had made also came with growth in my maturity. When mentioning about maturity, I am quite sure about what I am talking. Obviously, I still am a long way from being an adult who has gone through enough hardships in life to have the right to judgment on life. However, I believe that the ten months I was away from my homeland, from my family, I now look at my life and future with a very serious and subjective point of view. If I had not been in the U.S, I would never have known of an eventful U.S senior year in high school, and the people, the lifestyle there.

Psychoanalytic Criticism Essay

Sigmund Freud, a well-known psychologist, believes the unconscious can be unlocked through dreams. He defined the unconscious as, â€Å"the storehouse of those painful experiences and emotions, those wounds, fears, guilty desires, and unresolved conflicts we do not know about because we feel we will be overwhelmed by them† (Tyson). Psychoanalytic criticism, a form of criticism which allows the reader to psychoanalyze an author’s unconscious through the characters of his or her work(s), is heavily influenced by Freudian theories of psychology. Since Sigmund Freud explored the workings of the unconscious, he found that his patients developed many defense and anxiety mechanisms to cope with disagreeable ideas, painful memories, feelings or impulses. Nella Larson, author to of Passing, created two diverse characters showing different signs to support Freud’s defense mechanisms and repression—Clare Kendry and Irene Redfield. Clare Kendry, one of the main characters in the book, represses much of her black history to meet societal expectations. At the beginning of Passing, Larson gives a short backstory to Clare’s life; portraying her biracial background. As the novel progressed, readers meet â€Å"an attractive-looking woman†¦with those dark, almost black, eyes and [a] wide mouth like a scarlet flower against the ivory of her skin† (Larson, 9). Once this eye-catching woman introduces herself to her longtime friend, Irene Redfield, as Clare, she declares she has passed into the white community. During the civil rights movement, if a biracial individual’s skin complexion appeared closer to white than black; he or she would be able to pass into the white society. As she tells the story of her lost years to Irene, one can tell Clare has repressed her black history as a result of moving in with two white aunts after her father died. She has this a locus in the family since her aunts were racist against the black community. This prejudice against black people unconsciously helped Clare in repressing her black identity. Clare’s aunts were hypocrites in their religious beliefs because â€Å"[for] all their Bibles and praying and ranting about honesty, they didn’t want anyone to know that their darling brother had seduced—ruined, they called it—a Negro girl. They could excuse the ruin, but they couldn’t forgive the tar-brush† (Larson, 19). When living with her aunts, she was conditioned to believe she was 100% white. This conditioning influences Clare to pass into the white community, leaving her black history behind. In a way, since Clare has conditioned herself to live among white people, she fears her identity will be compromised. Eventually, she marries a rich, white man named John Bellew—an extreme racist. During one of Irene’s visits, Clare confessed that she would never go through the horrors of pregnancy again because she â€Å"nearly died in terror the whole nine months before Margery (her daughter) was born† (Larson, 26) because she feared that Margery â€Å"might be dark† (Larson, 26). This fear coincides with Clare’s repression of half of her identity—something she has been trained not to accept; especially since she married a very prejudice man. After re-meeting Irene in the restaurant in Chicago, Clare begins to look up to her as more than a friend by reaching out to Irene Redfield and showing discreet signs of projection. Since she did not have a mother figure growing up, she instinctively projects that solitary need onto her friend, Irene. When Irene and Clare bump into each other at the restaurant, Clare professes her need to see Irene on a regular basis, â€Å"And now, ‘Rene dear, that I’ve found you, I mean to see lots and lots of you† (Larson, 16). This proves Clare’s need for projection, hoping that Irene would fill that motherly role. Clare’s projection could resemble many things but one stands out clear—she is starting to unconsciously revert back to her black heritage and needs that motherly role m odal to guide her back to her own identity. Unlike Clare, Irene Redfield has different psychoanalytical issues, one of which regards low self-esteem. Throughout Passing, Irene starts to despise Clare because of her confidence. Clare shows traits that she yearns to possess indicating that Irene doesn’t see her self-worth. Irene is jealous of Clare’s beauty and outgoing attitude. Irene knows Clare carries heavy baggage because she is hiding her identity from her husband but it seems like Irene hates the fact that Clare doesn’t appear to have a care in the world: Irene doubted the genuineness of it, seeing herself only as a means to an end where Clare was concerned. Nor could it be said that [Clare] had even the slight artistic or sociological interest in the race that some members of other races displayed. She hadn’t. No, Clare Kendry cared nothing for the race. She only belonged to it. (Larson, 36). This passage is the starting point of Irene’s jealousy. In her mind, Clare had it all. She is married to a rich, white man who sees her as a white woman whereas Irene is married to a black man—almost making it impossible for her to ever pass into the white community; especially because one of her sons shares his father’s skin tone. Irene also dislikes Clare’s appearance during the Negro Welfare League Dance because she thinks her husband might find Clare’s apparel attractive. When she noticed Clare’s elegant dress and features, she â€Å"regretted that she hadn’t [counseled] Clare to wear something ordinary and inconspicuous† (Larson, 53). This dance was the beginning of Irene’s fear of betrayal and abandonment. Towards the end of the book, Irene suspects her husband, Brian, is having an affair with Clare. Despite what she suspects, she doesn’t want to believe it. Because she thinks that as long as Clare’s black history is kept from John, Irene has nothing to worry about. Despite how Irene feels, Cla re is bold and daring–willing to jeopardize everything to be free of John’s grasp. Irene couldn’t bear losing Brian; especially if Clare gains marital freedom: It was that smile that maddened Irene. She ran across the room, her terror tinged with ferocity, and laid a hand on Clare’s bare arm. One thought possessed her. She couldn’t have Clare Kendry cast aside by Bellew. She couldn’t have her free (Larson, 79). This excerpt proves that Irene has a fear of abandonment and a fear of betrayal. She cannot handle her husband betraying her for Clare Kendry, and she does not want to raise the boys alone. Irene also shows signs of repression and selective memory: â€Å"†¦What happened next, Irene Redfield never afterwards allowed herself to remember. Never clearly† (Larson 79). Irene knows what had happened but repressed the memory because she wouldn’t have been able to handle having murder on her hands. When the detective asks her what had happened, she, instead, remembers what she wants to remember and tells him Clare simply fell out the window before anyone could stop her. With Irene’s unfortunate luck, he believes her—allowing the new memory of Clare Kendry’s death to take place of the actual event. Much of Irene’s responses to Clare’s persona reflect what many blacks must have felt during the Civil Rights movement. During the Civil Rights Movement, the Jim Crow laws were established and segregation was made legal. Unfortunately, the black community received the shorter end of the stick and had to endure harsh treatment. Because of the hardships many black men and women had to tolerate, a psychological illness was developed. Due to the heavy white influence, black people were subjected. Like Irene, they most likely experienced avoidance, low self-esteem, fear of intimacy, abandonment or betrayal. Biracial men and women who passed into the white society found a loop hole to escape the disadvantages of segregation. Nella Larson captured a morbid, yet perfect, moment of how fear can literally drive a person over the edge and do whatever it takes for the fear to absolve. She portrayed Sigmund Freud’s defense mechanisms and anxieties well and understood the consequences of repression and fear. Repression is a double-edged sword. It is necessary to cope with tragic events and/or thoughts but it is also a powerful vice to the human mind. The defenses and anxieties Sigmund Freud discovered through his experiments could make or break a person—depending on their mental condition. Fears can either conquer or be conquered. Clare wanted to conquer her fear by leaving her husband, John. She wanted to free herself from his prejudice attitude and start a new life where she wouldn’t have to hide her black history. On the downside, Irene Redfield allowed her fear and rage consume her conscious, giving her the weapon she needed to kill Clare Kendry—paranoia. If Irene wasn’t so afraid of losing her husband, then she wouldn’t have had to kill Clare to eliminate her fears of solitude and betrayal. Works Cited Larson, Nella. Passing. London: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2007. Book. Luft, Joseph and Harrington Ingham. â€Å"SMALL GROUP INSTRUCTOR TRAINING COURSE.† 1984. Chapter 5: Johari Window. Web. 11 November 2012. . Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. 2nd. New York City: Taylor and Francis Group, 2009. Web.

Quaid Essays

Quaid Essays Quaid Essay Quaid Essay I choose him as my hero because I really admire him. I admire his style, his personality and what he did for the Muslims of our country. He gave Muslims their freedom from the British Empire that was ruling at that time. Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born on Dec. 25th, 1876, to a prominent mercantile family in Karachi. He was educated at the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam and the Christian Mission School.Jinnah joined the Lincolns Inn in 1893 to become the youngest Indian to be called to the Bar. Three years later, he became Bombays most famous lawyer. He formally entered politics in 1905 from the platform of the Indian National Congress. He went to England in that year as a member of a congress delegation to plead the cause of Indian self-governemnt during the British elections. He got us, the Muslims, freedom by forming a political group called the Muslim League.When he talked to all the Muslims around in the sub-continent at that time, he said, We are a na tion with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, customs and calandar, history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of international law, we are a nation. [pic] The Muslim league had a great impact on the nature of the Indian politics. By making the Muslim League, it shattered forever Hindu dreams of a pseudo-India.The British and the Indians were shocked at how all the Muslims came up together, asking for them to give them their own free country, which is now Pakistan. To get the Muslim people freedom, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah played a big role. He was the only Muslim to stand up and rally all the Muslims together so they could have their freedom on Aug. 14, 1947. Before dying on Sept. 11th, 1948, he gave the Pakistanis a last message: The foundations of y our state have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as well as you can. Most people also admired him and one even said, Gandhi died by the hands of an assassin; Jinnah died by his devotion to Pakistan. Thats why I really admire him. He is like a hero to everyone in my country. This is because of what he did for our country and for the Muslims. He fought so much for us and he did so much for us that no one can ever forget. You always hear about Gandhi and how he did so much for India, but you never hear about Quaid-e-Azam who did everything to get us at the point that we are right now. He is a great freedom hero for me.

Portrayal of Reality in Great Gatsby essays

Portrayal of Reality in Great Gatsby essays Mr. Gordan, an esteemed English teacher, once said "Literature is Life". I had not been able to grasp the reality of those words until I read The Great Gatsby . After reading The Great Gatsby, I understand that literature is written through inspiration from our daily lives. In this novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the themes of morality and life versus illusion. Through his excellent writing techniques, Fitzgerald reduces most of the characters of the novel as seemingly obsessed with material possessions, petty, and selfish. Theses characterizations are portrayed because of the realness of human nature. Fitzgerald uses contrasting morals and values of the characters to show the true disparity in human nature. Nicks characteristics are completely incompatible with Toms. Since Nick has a strong foundation and is honest, he is thus very faithful. His faithfulness and loyalty is apparent when he attends and organizes Gatsbys funeral. On the other hand, Tom is unfaithful and dishonest. He is dishonest with Daisy and Myrtle. He also shows his unfaithfulness when he is not present at the birth of his daughter. In addition, Fitzgerald also uses Tom and Gatsby to show the sentimental disparity. Gatsby is a dreamer and a romantic man, who by following his dreams, went from rags to riches. He is proud of the fact that he has been able to accumulate his wealth independently, despite the fact that it is hinted that much of his money was earned illegally. Tom, on the other hand, is a realist and a straightforward man. He does not dream, as Gatsby does; he merely acts on his instincts. He has not earned his great wealth: he has inherited it. In spite of the fact, that all of the main characters in The Great Gatsby have very different personalities; they are however all affected by money. Some characters, like Gatsby and Tom Buchanan, have money, and are very expressive with it. Other characters, such as Myrtle, lust ...

New media communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

New media communication - Essay Example The use of social media as a tool for marketing by tech savvy marketers has enabled them to connect with both their loyal customers and their prospective customers in a cheap, efficient way. This paper shall look at the impact that the use of the social media platform has had on traditional marketing, and how it has changed communication among stakeholders within an organization. The advent of social media has brought about a revolution in corporate communication. This has transformed the way organizations conduct their public relations methods in addition to bringing considerable change in these organizations’ interactions with their stakeholders. This avenue of communication continues to become popular among enthusiasts in all sectors, due to unlimited potential that it offers by its use. The use of social media has not reached its peak, especially in the business world. This is because business executives and employees in public relations departments in numerous organizations have been very slow in adapting this method of communication. The increased scepticism surrounding the use of social media in communication has been a major contributor to its slow growth in the business world. However, that phase of slow growth has since been passed, as more businesses take up social media as an essential part of their public relations and marketing tools (Ho & Kwamena, 2009, pg 23). It has become easier for companies to reach all its stakeholders with the advent of the internet and the social media platform. For the first time, it is imprudent to fly around the world to attend meetings with stakeholders. There are social media sites that allow for live video communication between people. Social media sites such as Skype allow company executives to communicate via video link without having to be in the same location at once. In addition to that, companies have

Kevin Roche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kevin Roche - Essay Example In the very next year he came back to Michael Scott’s studio and applied for graduate studies at Harvard, Yale, and Illinois Institute of Technology. He left Ireland for United States in 1948 and completed his Masters program in Illinois Institute of Technology under Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. He served at the United Nations Planning Office for a very short time and later joined Eero Saarien and Associates at Bloomfield Hills, Michigan in 1950. Then the growth of Kevin Roche was notable that within four years, that is, by 1954, he became the principal design associate of Saarinen. Kevin Roche’s combined work with John Dinkeloo (1918-1981), who joined Saarinen office in 1950, has contributed some great architectural designs to the world. After the death of Saarinen in 1961, Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo, along with senior partner and administrator Joseph Lacy, continued under Saarinen’s name finishing projects and securing new work, most notably the Oakland Museum (1961-1968) in Oakland, California. In 1966, with Saarinens work complete, the office adopted the present name, Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates. Kevin Roche’s talent as a designer and architect is so great that most of his creations identify it. He has planned and designed diverse facilities by implementing new advancements in design concepts. One of the living evidences is the creation of Oakland Museum of California which has often been described as a complex for the art, natural history, and cultural history of California. The construction of this museum with interrelated terraces and roof gardens exemplifies the former comment. Roche Dinkeloo focused mainly on constructions in the area of large urban and suburban projects. The construction of the Ford Foundation Headquarters (1963-1968) in New York City announces the mastery of modern building constructions. The L-shaped 12-story office building and the tall glass roofed garden, etc., are the typical features of

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

HR - Essay Example HR has immense value for a business. In fact, nothing in a business is as important as HR. The development, profitability, and success of a business fundamentally relies upon the ideas, concepts, and strategic management of the people involved in it. Poor management of one individual can ruin a business worth billions of dollars. Likewise, good leadership can make the business grow by leaps and bounds, and take it to the next level with every passing day. HR is the most valuable asset for any business. I have been having personal experience with the HR function of a business since I have been employed. I could experience the HR function right from my very first day at job. As I reached the office, I was led by the HR Manager to my room. The HR Manager made sure I was provided with a telephone, computer, and an Internet connection in my office. The HR Manager made me aware of my job responsibilities, and my daily, weekly, and monthly objectives. Since the HR Manager was helping me understand things and be facilitated in all ways, he was managing me. My experience with the HR function of my company has so far been both positive and negative at different points in time. For example, in the start, I was led by the HR Manager who explained me everything, and provided me with all the necessities for accommodation, which was surely a good experience. However, I was not paid until the third month of my service. In addition, I was not paid for the first fifteen days of my service since I had joined from the middle of month. This was a bad experience. In my judgment, the responsibility of HR Management in a business depends upon the size of a business and the extent to which it is developed. Small businesses usually have a General Manager (GM) who also performs the duties of an HR Manager along with his/her duties as a GM. However, large businesses have separate Human Resources Departments, with a proper

Freas and Geeks Media techniques Essay Example for Free

Freas and Geeks Media techniques Essay How Media Techniques Create Stereotypes in Freaks and Geeks Take a look again at high school stereotypes through the short lived television series from the late 90’s, Freaks and Geeks. Based on the pilot episode of Freaks and Geeks, media techniques are used effectively to depict the different stereotypes in high school. The camera shots movements are used adequately to show the power of the bullies and the weakness of the victims. For example, when Sam Weir is approached by Alan (the bully), at lunch, the camera is pointed upwards towards Alan’s face to make him seem bigger and scarier while the camera would be pointed down on Sam’s face making him seem smaller and inferior to Alan (Kasdan 1999). This example shows effective use of media techniques by using camera shots because the audience can easily depict the two different stereotypes, the bully and the geek. Another way that media techniques are used effectively is through the use of setting. For instance, the â€Å"freaks† of the show are shown hanging around the patio which is a dirty and worn down area separated from the field and other students (Kasdan 1999). This is a clear way for the audience to see the difference from the regular students and the â€Å"freaks† therefore making this media technique effective. These two techniques show how Freaks and Geeks uses media techniques effectively to illustrate the stereotypes one might see in high school. Using media techniques such as camera shots and setting effectively is a task that Freaks and Geeks has accomplished to portray different high school stereotypes.

Dells Just In Time Inventory Management system

Dells Just In Time Inventory Management system Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is specific type of inventory production strategy that is used to improve a companys return on investment through a cutback of stock held. The primary goal of JIT is the achievement of zero inventory, not just with within the confines of a singe organisation but ultimately throughout the entire supply chain (Hutchins 1988). Many companies are making the transition into adopting JIT manufacturing; however it was the automotive industry sector that initially pioneered the principle. It was first developed by Toyota in the 1980s and it is now frequently used within the production of a diverse range of different goods. Nowadays companys inventories are shrinking to almost nothing mainly because of the large increase of JIT manufacturing. Dell is probably the most well known business that had implemented the lean manufacturing process. Therefore for the purpose of this report I am going to focus on how Dell the computer producer has integrated JIT, a parti cular type of inventory management into their firm. 2.1 Dell company analysis The Dell Computer Corporation is one of the leading sellers of PCs with its main rival being the Hewlett Packard Company. (Mintel 2009) claims that Dell is the the number two supplier worldwide. It is a very successful firm that has gained exceptional sales accomplishments because of its unique direct marketing model. They have had the right amount of resources within their business to develop an extremely successful inventory production model. As a result Dell has gained competitive edge and many rival computer companies are now starting to replicate Dell. However simply imitating Dells strategy without fully researching the management theory behind it is not an ideal approach for other firms to adopt. Most of the enterprises that have tried to do this have not succeeded, to much of a degree that Dell has. The competitive advantages of Dell over its competitors are that Dell has well thought out JIT inventory system and very good supplier integration. This has helped in cutting down inventory costs within the business and has also reduced the lead time in serving customer orders for computers and laptops. This had caused Dell to gain a very successful process improvement within their enterprise. 2.2 Dell JIT strategy It is quite clear that these JIT inventory systems have evolved over the years. (Helo 2004) states that JIT is believed to enhance productivity and build a leaner manufacturing system which minimises inventories. This is because Just-in-time makes production operations much more efficient compared with other methods of production, as it is a cost effective approach. Dell realised that this would be a excellent opportunity for their business processes before any other computer firms did and have therefore have cut their inventories from having 20 to 25 days of inventory to having no warehousesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and no more than two hours of inventory in its factories (Mishra 2009). By doing this Dell reached one of their main goals of constantly improving performance of their business. They also recognized that they could reduce expenditure by integrating and optimizing their computer manufacturing system. Overall such a system builds a leaner supply chain for Dell, so that their inventor ies are minimized. 2.3 Requirements for JIT manufacturing Establishing a JIT company like Dell requires commitment from every department and a lot of support from the companys strategic management team. A pull production method of work flow needs to be put into practice for JIT systems to be useful within Dell. The entire supply chain system is built around the flexibility and speed therefore customer demand is the factor that activates production of Dell computers. Normally this is fine within Dells business as they use the direct marketing model to sell their computers. However sometimes demand for computers can rapidly increase without any significant explanation. Dell has to have a contingency plan in place in case this happens unexpectedly. Even though inventory is low Dell still have the ability to stretch and push the factory processes to the capacity at times when demand succeeds supply. Table 1. Key Requirements for JIT Production (Lubben 1988) 1.High quality standards 2.Demand or pull scheduling 3.Level production schedules 4.Sufficient lead time (minimum setup time) to change to new products 5.Long term contract commitments from customers and with suppliers 6.Contiuous improvement of the production process 7.Minimum inventory in the manufacturing system 2.4 Advantages of Dell adopting a JIT system There are a wide range of benefits that JIT manufacturing can have on an enterprise. Firstly JIT appeals to a wide variety of businesses as it helps to prevent manufacturers from getting stuck with outdated or unusable inventory. Dell only has 2 hours worth of inventory in their manufacturing plants. This ensures that they are controlling their production of computers fully. In addition to this it has been found that JIT adoption has significant positive results on the financial figures of a business. Dell has achieved a cash conversion cycle from implementing JIT systems. This allows a healthy flow of money within their business, which will have an encouraging impact on their profitability. Another one of the many advantages to just-in-time manufacturing is the reduced cost. This is only achieved after the JIT systems has been in place for quite while, but it reduces capital tied up in stock, which allows a company like Dell to spend money on other areas of the business such as adve rtising and marketing. Just-in-time also has a much faster setup and saves resources by streamlining production systems. This as a result prevents overproduction of computers, which will therefore help Dell with the elimination of waste within their company. As a further point JIT systems also abolishes costs of warehouse space and storage facilities. This also allows Dell to inject cash into other parts of their enterprise and can also keep travel costs to a minimum. 2.5 Limitations of a company such as Dell implementing JIT manufacturing Just as JIT manufacturing has many strong points, there are some weaknesses as well. The Just-in-Time system may not suit every business, thorough research needed to be done by Dell to ensure such inventory management would work in the way they wanted it to, before they executed it. This would have been a very long process as they would have needed to weigh up the risks it could have on their business. In addition to this it is difficult and very expensive to introduce as there is possible large initial set up costs, which may put some businesses off. This did not put Dell off as they knew the long term benefits would mean that they would become more profitable if they introduce this method. They also found that it would allow them to gain continuous improvement within their business practices in the future, which could allow them to become the superior computer manufacturer over the Hewlett Packard Company who currently has the top spot in the industry. It is also true that JIT proc esses can become vulnerable to market demand fluctuations and unforeseen production interruptions. Again Dell had to look in depth into the buying patterns of their customer base, before investing in JIT systems within their firm. Conclusion Just in time manufacturing can have a positive influence on an enterprise such as Dell and by utilizing JIT systems they have gained a competitive edge against similar rivals in the computer industry. The direct selling model compliments their JIT systems which could in the future make them the worldwide leader in computer manufacturing. However as an important point inventory management systems do not appear to be consistent across all industries. Dell Computer Corporation must critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of implementing Just-in-time systems within their operations. Nevertheless Dell has done their research correctly and as a result JIT is rather successful within computer manufacturers. It is true that the computer industries do not have the experience of JIT systems that the automotive industry has, but it has successfully implemented JIT principles over the past 20 years and will continue to in the future. In addition to this implementing a new concept such as JIT systems requires a constant support from each and every aspect of the organization. It demands complete support from every department operating in the organisation. If a company like Dell accomplishes the implementation of JIT purchasing systems it can result in improved productivity. Despite JIT process it self is not complicated, the implementation stage is not easy to face at all. However it is possible the system can bring high levels of competitiveness to big companies such as Dell and they have proved this with their financial status in the market. The most important factor Dell has to remember, is that they have to sustain good working relationships with their suppliers for JIT to work within their organisation in the first place. For the reasons highlighted in the paper above I can come to the conclusion that Dell have successfully implemented JIT inventory management within their business processes and they are using continuous improvement within their company to mai ntain to be one the leading manufacturers of computers and software. References ALPHABETICALLY Helo (2004) Managing agility and productivity in the electronics industry Industrial Management Data Systems Hutchins (1988) Overview of JIT Just in Time Lubben (1988) Pull production system Just-in-time Manufacturing Mintel (2009) PCs and Laptops [online] Available at: http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/showHYPERLINK http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=474522/display/id=475761#hit1HYPERLINK http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=474522/display/id=475761#hit1/display/id=474522/display/id=475761#hit1 [Accessed 30 April 2010] Mishra (2009) Just-In-Time production: the Dell Way [online] Available at: http://penofaparanoid.blogspot.com/2009/06/just-in-time-production-dell-way_18.html [Accessed 30 April 2010] http://www.ehow.com/about_5099120_pro-just-time-inventory-system.html